How to determine fabric content

How to determine fabric content by using the burn test.

Snip a piece of fabric equivalent to 1" square. Using a butane lighter and holding the fabric with a pair of tweezers ignite the fabric over a non-flammable surface in a well ventilated area.
Examine the quality and color of the flame, the odor produced, and the quality of the resulting ash or cinder. Use this table to help determine your fabric's content.

FABRIC FLAME
QUALITY ODOR ASH
QUALITY COMMENTS

WOOL orange color
sputtery burning hair
or feathers blackish
turns to powder
when crushed flame will self extinguish
if flame source is removed
no smoke

SILK burns slowly burning hair
or feathers grayish
turns to powder
when crushed burns more easily than wool
but will self extinguish is flame
source removed

COTTON yellow to orange color
steady flame burning paper
or leaves grayish, fluffy slow burning ember

LINEN yellow to orange color
steady flame burning paper
or leaves similar to cotton takes longer to ignite than cotton but otherwise very similar

RAYON fast orange flame burning paper
or leaves almost no ash ember will continue to glow after flame source removed

POLYESTER orange flame, sputtery sweet or fruity smell hard shiny black bead black smoke

ACETATE burns and melts,sizzly acidic or vinegary hard black bead will continue to burn after flame source removed

NYLON burns slowly and melts, bluse base and orange tip, no smoke burning celery hard grayish or brownish bead self extinguish if flame source removed

ACRYLIC burns and melts, white-orange tip, no smoke acrid black hard crust will continue to burn after flame source removed

FABRIC	FLAME QUALITY	ODOR	ASH QUALITY	COMMENTS
WOOL	orange color sputtery	burning hair or feathers	blackish turns to powder when crushed	flame will self extinguish if flame source is removed no smoke
SILK	burns slowly	burning hair or feathers	grayish turns to powder when crushed	burns more easily than wool but will self extinguish is flame source removed
COTTON	yellow to orange color steady flame	burning paper or leaves	grayish, fluffy	slow burning ember
LINEN	yellow to orange color steady flame	burning paper or leaves	similar to cotton	takes longer to ignite than cotton but otherwise very similar
RAYON	fast orange flame	burning paper or leaves	almost no ash	ember will continue to glow after flame source removed
POLYESTER	orange flame, sputtery	sweet or fruity smell	hard shiny black bead	black smoke
ACETATE	burns and melts,sizzly	acidic or vinegary	hard black bead	will continue to burn after flame source removed
NYLON	burns slowly and melts, bluse base and orange tip, no smoke	burning celery	hard grayish or brownish bead	self extinguish if flame source removed
ACRYLIC	burns and melts, white-orange tip, no smoke	acrid	black hard crust	will continue to burn after flame source removed